Juvenile Delinquency Essay examples - 1216 Words

Juvenile Delinquency I. The harsh beginnings. Children were viewed as non-persons until the 1700s. They did not receive special treatment or recognition. Discipline then is what we now call abuse. There were some major assumptions about life before the 1700s. The first assumption is that life was hard, and you had to be hard to survive. The people of that time in history did not have the conveniences that we take for granted. For example, the medical practices of that day were primitive in comparison to present-day medicine. Marriages were more for convenience, rather than for child-bearing or romance. The second assuption was that infant and child mortality were high. It did not make sense to the parents in those days to create†¦show more content†¦Industrialization. Industrialization set into motion the processes needed for modern juvenile delinquency. The country had gone from agriculture to machine-based labor-intensive production. Subsistence farming quickly turned into profit making. People who were displaced from their farm work because of machinery were migrating to the city to find work. This led to urbanization in such places as Chicago, which in turn caused the cities to burst at the seams. II. Urbanization. There was a huge increase in the amount of movable goods that were produced. These movable goods were easy to steal. The stealing of these goods made property crime rise tremendously in these urban centers. The wealth of the upper-class increased, and stealing became a way of living. These large urban centers also created another problem. The work place was now seperated from the home. During the hard times both parents took jobs. There was also very little for the youths to do, especially when school was not in session. It was then that youths were becoming increasingly unsupervised. These youths were largely unemployed. Without supervision, and with movable goods easily available, stealing became a way of life. The huge influx of people to these urban areas overwhelmed society. The factories could not keep up, and unemployment became a factor. Poverty became widespread. III. Salvage Attempts. Poorhouses were created to keep youthful offenders away from trouble. The ideaShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency1154 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion In common parlance, there is an understanding of juvenile delinquency as meaning adolescents breaking the law or participating in mischievous behavior. Defining juveniles as being under the age of 18 years is the general rule of thumb because, in the current legal system, upon reaching this age individuals can be tried as adults, serve in the military, and, in some states, consume alcohol. (Reckless, 1972) One may ask why juvenile delinquency is viewed as a separate construct from adult deviantRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2109 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Delinquency 1 Juvenile Delinquency: Features, Causes and Solutions Shen Cheng Class: 110 Teacher: Stephanie February 29, 2012 Juvenile Delinquency 2 Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Nowadays, there is no denying that Juvenile Delinquency has become one of the hottest social issues. The features, causes, and solutions of Juvenile Delinquency will be discussed about in this research. II. The features of Juvenile Delinquency A. The average age of juveniles who commitRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2343 Words   |  10 PagesOpener: B. Thesis statement: This term paper explores how family issues attribute to juvenile delinquency and how to overcome it. II. First and foremost, an unstable family structure is one of the contributing factors to juvenile delinquency. A. Single-parent household vs. two-parent household B. Child maltreatment 1. emotional neglect 2. physical abuse III. Secondly, studies have shown that juvenile delinquency is conclusively related to the family environment. A. Family cohesion B. Increasing numberRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Adult Delinquency2861 Words   |  12 PagesAlexis Kelly SOC 333 William Franks Spring 2015 Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs What is juvenile delinquency? Juvenile delinquency relates to minors who commit law violations. Instead of adults commiting â€Å"crimes’, juveniles are considered to commit â€Å"delinquent acts†. Society sees juvenile delinquents as immature and in need of guidance, which is different to adults, who are seen to be responsible for their crimes. Juvenile delinquency can occur in any community, neighborhood, and schoolsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2264 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile Delinquency is the participation of illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit. A delinquent is a minor who commits a crime or a status offense. A status offense is conduct that is illegal only because the child is under age i.e. smoking cigarettes (Senna 10, 20). The cases of Eric Smith, Lionel Tate, and an unidentified NJ child are similar only because, they are guilty of killing another child, but the Criminal Justice System treated and punished them very different lyRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 PagesDay in and day out residents and visitors to the Boston area are affected by juvenile crime and delinquency. Though the crime rates in MA and across the nation are on a steady decline, these juvenile crimes are still considered a serious matter that needs attention. It is thought that juvenile offenders do not cope as well with the criminal justice system as well as adults may be able to and therefore there needs to be a focus on how the system can better aid in the rehabilitation of these youthfulRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand lowering the age of criminal responsibility and draconian penalties (JensonRead MoreThe And Prevention Of Juvenile Delinquency970 Words   |  4 PagesJuveniles in the justice system is an issue relevant not only to people in the criminal justice system but to society in general. There have been a number of studies done that link serious behavior problems in children to adult criminal conduct. In more recent years, there has been more research done regarding the causes and prevention of juvenile delinquency. The Department of Juvenile Justice lists 3 broad categories with many subcategories to help us understand what contributes to juvenile delinquencyRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violence

Essay on Work Goal and Social Care - 949 Words

Unit 6: Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social CareUnit 44: Vocational Experience for Health and Social CareBTEC NATIONAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREExtended Diploma Student Name: Abigail bowes Group: BStudent Number: 20138903 | Unit 6 (P2, P5) half 1. Provide an up-to-date CV at the start of the course. 2. Provide an updated CV at the end of the first year. You will required to completed the following * Completed Units * Work Experience * New Skills and Qualifications (e.g: Splash) 3. Provide a third at end of the course with UCAS if applicable. | Unit 44 (P1) Unit 6: (P6)Written Assignments Tasks RequiredProvide a diagram and in 150 words describe two different local health or social care†¦show more content†¦| | | | | 2 | Demonstrates the ability to communicate effectively with clients and staff. | | | | | 3 | Demonstrates the ability to relate courteously, politely and appropriately with others in the setting. | | | | | 4 | Use of personal initiative within the work experience setting. | | | | | 5 | Respect confidentiality of information within the setting. | | | | | 6 | Demonstrates a commitment to diversity and inclusiveness in attitude and practice. | | | | | 7 | Demonstrates an awareness of health and safety procedures within the placement. | | | | | Additional Comments:Supervisor’s signature:_________________________________________ | Company Stamp:Date:________________________ |Show MoreRelatedI Am A Master Of Social Work Degree1537 Words   |  7 Pagesmeaning for me. My decision to apply for graduate school to pursue a Master of Social Work degree is one more destination in the stream of my life. Following the culmination of my undergraduate studies, I was recruited into the Children’s Corps and received training for graduates interested in working in the child welfare system. After my training, I immediately began employment as a case planner at JCCA. My main goal as a case planner is to help children find permanency through reunification withRead MoreAssignment 302 Principles Of Personal Development In Adult Social Care Settings1374 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 302 Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Task A Guidance You are going to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practiceRead MoreSocial Care And Psychology Assignment1659 Words   |  7 PagesApplied Social Care Psychology Assignment X00138717- Bronagh Galloway In this essay I will discuss the reasons why I choose the course social care practice and the psychological theory associated with it. I will illustrate my beliefs and values and how they influenced my personal and professional development. I will also discuss how my belief system corresponds with the ethical framework in social care practice. Motivation is a process that influences the direction, persistenceRead MoreFuture Goals And Areas Of Improvement920 Words   |  4 PagesFuture Goals and Areas of Improvement When working to improve health care systems and decrease the number of people getting infected with HIV it is important to learn from past experiences and create attainable goals. Recently the UNAIDS Program Coordinating Board met to create a new strategy to combat HIV (UNAIDS). This strategy for 2016-2021 aligns with one of the new Millennium Development Goal created by the United Nations that states it would like to end HIV as a public health threat and epidemicRead MoreMaintaining A Healthy Life Balance Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesMaintaining a Healthy Life Balance in Nursing Health is not just physical health, it is a multi-aspect concept. Health is social, mental, emotional, spiritual, and physical. Social health is the ability to carry out satisfying relationships and to interact well with other people and the environment. Mental health is the ability to gain knowledge and learn. Emotional health is the ability to control emotions and to express those emotions in appropriate times. It is also holding back on those emotionsRead MoreApplication of Need Theory by Virginia Henderson1051 Words   |  5 Pagesfacilities. Spiritual 11.Worship according to one’s faith. Sociological 12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment. 13. Play or participate in various forms of recreation. Psychological Virginia Henderson ENVIRONMENTt * Individuals in relation to families * Supports tasks of private and public agencies * Society expects nurses to act for individuals who are unable to function independently * Basic nursing care involves providing conditions under which the patient can perform theRead MoreAdvocating For Organizational Change : Bridging The Gaps Of Service For The Doe Family1153 Words   |  5 PagesAdvocating for Organizational Change: Bridging the Gaps in Service for the Doe Family Social/Community Issue: Identifying Gaps and Limitations While it is true that social workers may be trained to provide all of the services that are required for a family in need, an astute, savvy and expertly tuned-in social worker will also identify the gaps in service and move forward with filling in where limitations are evident. The Doe family in question, one whose sweeping problems and challenges have beenRead MoreHelping The Homeless And Interacting With Offenders At Community Crisis Incorporation Service1696 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies stay warm during the colder months. Morgan State Graduate School of Social Work Education has assisted me to fulfill my sense of duty in helping impoverished adolescent girls, boys and families to succeed. Hope, encouragement and someone who believes in you are often the little push one needs to live up to their full potential. My current position as a Community Support Worker at First Home Care allows me to work with children and adolescents in the Washington D.C and surrounding areas whoRead MoreMy Goals As A Social Worker Practitioner1737 Words   |  7 Pagesthe constructed nature of reality and the need for collaborative relationships between client and social worker/therapist. Social workers that use postmodern approach examine socio cultural issues such as how client problems and beliefs become socially constructed, the need for empowerment of marginalized clients, the political nature of therapy, and a need for social justice. As a healthcare social worker working with multicultural population it is important to understand how the culture play aRead MoreNVQ 3 Unit 3021724 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? Ans. Reflective practice is a way of learning from own experience to improve the way we work. The way things are done may

Medication Error - Diabetes and Pharmacokinetics

Question: Discuss about the Medication Error, Diabetes and Pharmacokinetics. Answer: Introduction The type of medication error that occurred in the case study is the wrong route for drug administration. The medication wrong route administration of crushed up ciprofloxacin into the nasogastric tube (NGT) led to the death of Mrs. C. After the nurse RN.R administered the crushed ciprofloxacin via the PICC line, the patient became cyanosed, hypoxemic and unresponsive eventually leading to death of the patient. The drug administration via wrong route is a serious medication error that leads to adverse effects and complications in the patient (Mondal et al., 2016). She also had a risk for aspiration and sub-optimal oral nutrition as advised by the healthcare professionals and despite of that, she was inserted with a nasogastric tube (NGT). The nurse drew the paste into a standard size and injected the through a non-luer lock syringe into the NGT. She was advised by the supervised nurse RN.C to administer the drug through the luer lock syringe; however, she injected the medication throu gh the NGT. The drug administration through NGT requires a large nozzle; however, the drug was administered through a non-luer lock syringe breaking it into a crush and paste. Moreover, the nursing staff looking after Mr. C did not give her evening medicines including the oral ciprofloxacin and intravenous frusemide despite of knowing that she had risk for suboptimal oral nutrition. After this incident, when Mrs. C had an episode of low oxygen saturation levels, NGT was re-inserted. After the insertion of PICC line, RN.C was advised by the nurse-in-charge (NIC) to administer the medications via the PICC in a luer lock syringe. After this, the nurse, RN.R returned to the drug room and then transferred the crush ciprofloxacin into a luer lock syringe and then injected to the PICC line. After this administration, the patient became cyanosed, hypoxic and pronounced deceased soon after. The nurse should have taken proper precautions before the drug administration that might have prevented the medication error that took place due to the use of non-luer lock syringe that might have resulted in the lodging of an embolus or foreign material in the vessels of the br ain, heart and lungs. There was a requirement of safety measures that should have been taken during the drug administration as it would have avoided the medication wrong route administration. The nurse should have been careful regarding the route for the administration of the drug, ciprofloxacin. She should have been assisted by a supervisor nurse who would have been able to assist her while the drug administration. She should have been informed prior to the administration of the drug through a NGT that the medication should be drawn by a larger nozzle and not by a non-luer lock syringe (Lehne Rosenthal, 2014). Even though she was informed by the supervisor nurse to draw blood and administer medication through the PICC line, the nurse RN. R intended to administer the drug via NGT. Another safety measure that would have been taken was the drawing of blood and drug administration through PICC line should have assisted by an experienced nurse, instead of RN.C who had no prior experience working with PICC li nes. The nurse, RN.R was previously instructed by the NIC to administer ciprofloxacin via a NGT by crushing it, instead of giving it orally. Later, she was advised to administer the drug via PICC line, though she intended to administer the drug via NGT. The use of luer lock syringe is beneficial than the non-luer syringe as it provides a secure connection and prevents the accidental removal of the needle. At the time of injection of the fluids, it reduces the chances of leakage by providing a permanent seal (Raban Westbrook, 2014). Moreover, the drug administration via NGT requires a larger nozzle and this shows that precautions should have been taken during the procedure. The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is autoimmunity in which there is production of antibodies against a certain viral protein that triggers the autoimmune response against the beta cells in Islets of Langerhans in pancreas. The mass of beta cells decrease in number along with decrease in insulin secretion that result in inadequate insulin production required for the maintenance of blood glucose levels at normal level. The hyperglycemia develops and T1DM is diagnosed being more common in juveniles (Atkinson, Eisenbarth Michels, 2014). In type 2 diabetes (T2DM) two conditions occur where either the body is unable to produce adequate amounts of insulin that is required to meet the body needs or there is development of insulin resistance. There is development of insulin resistance where the cells of the body like liver, fat cells and muscles fail to respond to the insulin leading to overall increase in glucose levels in blood. It is more common in middle age groups like late 30s or early 40s (Zaccardi et al., 2016). Brown is diagnosed with T1DM as he manifests the symptoms of TIDM. In T1DM, the blood glucose levels increase quickly as there is no insulin to control the glucose levels (Ashoor et al., 2016). The distinguishing feature of T1DM from T2DM is that a person is not obese. In the case study, Mr. Brown has lost around 10 kgs over the past weeks and on admission was diagnosed with new-onset diabetes. The patient also manifested symptoms like extreme thirst-dehydration, frequent urination and nausea or vomiting that comply with the symptoms of T1DM. The onset of T1DM is during the juvenile period among the children and adolescents and the patient in the case scenario is 16 year old where the weight loss is the most common symptom before the diagnosis of T1DM (Russell et al., 2014). The patient in case scenario is prescribed Humulin R for stabilizing his condition of high blood glucose levels. Insulin treatment is given as it replaces or supplements the bodys natural insulin that helps to restore the normal blood-glucose levels. The mechanism of action of humulin R is same as the natural insulin that is present in the body. The humulin R binds to the insulin receptors on the body cells like muscle, fat tissue or liver to increase the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream. Humulin R also decreases the production of glucose by the liver and has immediate acting insulin (Sandow et al., 2015). It starts working within 1 to 2 hours after its injection into the skin and effective up to 16 to 24 hours. Humulin R is isophane insulin that is combined with short acting insulin given before the meals so that it controls the glucose level that occurs after eating meals. During the Humulin R administration, a nurse should be careful that the injection should not enter any blood vessel while injecting the humulin R into the skin of the thighs, upper arm, and abdomen. The most important consideration is to measure the blood glucose levels of the patient before the administration as the dose is dependent on the blood glucose level at the time of administration (Bridgeman Dalal, 2015). Another consideration is that the nurse should change the site of injection administration so that there is no pitting or skin thickening. This occurs when the injection is administered at one site repeatedly. The nurse should also keep into consideration the side effects of the insulin therapy that might occur due to hypoglycaemia. The symptoms include tremor, cold sweats, anxious feeling, weakness, tiredness or nausea that needs to be taken care of during the insulin therapy. The insulin should also not be injected into a vein. Pharmacokinetics (PK) is a branch of pharmacology that involves the determination of the fate of the substances that are administered inside the living body. It also encompasses the analysis of chemical metabolism and the fate of the substance from the time it is administered inside the body (Trescot, 2016). It helps to know the way body affect a specific chemical or xenobiotic substance after it is administered inside the body through the mechanism of liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. These aspects are important to know for the safe administration of medications to the patients. The pattern of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion differs according to age and the PK of drugs is altered by age. These mechanisms greatly differ in elders as compared to adults. The advancing age has implications on the mechanism of PK as there is impairment of functions in the regulatory processes that helps to provide the functional integration between the organs and cells. The ageing process reduces the gastrointestinal motility and blood flow with reduces gastric secretion. This results in elevation of pH and this causes reduction in drug absorption. These absorptive changes that are age-related greatly alter the absorption and its onset of action. When compared to young adults, there is proper functioning of the regulatory processes with proper pH and gastric secretion that leads to better absorption of drugs (Reeve, Wiese Mangoni, 2015). Distribution in elders are greatly altered as the muscle mass is declines and there is increase in body fat will lead to the greater distribution of the drugs that are fat soluble. Moreover, the volume of distribution is reduced for the drugs in muscle tissue. Eventually, the half-life and loading dose is reduced. The muscle mass in young people is well distributed and so there is proper distribution of drugs in body fat and muscle tissue (Hubbard, OMahony Woodhouse, 2013). Metabolism is also altered in old people as the hepatic blood flow is reduced and the drug is introduced to the liver at a slow rate. The intrinsic metabolic activity and liver mass is also reduced during ageing. Due to reduction in metabolic activity and hepatic blood flow, metabolism is altered. There is normal metabolism in young adults due to proper intrinsic metabolic activity and there is proper conversion of drug into a more water soluble compound by increasing the polarity (Davies O'mahony, 2015). Excretion of drugs is altered as there is decline in renal function with reduction in blood flow to kidneys, decrease in kidney mass and size and functioning of the nephrons. The excretion of drugs in young adults takes place normally as there is proper glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion (Wallace Paauw, 2015). The nursing interventions are required while administering the medications to the older people and young adults. The nurse should take into account the right dose, type of medication and most importantly, the right route of administration as they have to confirm that the medication given through a particular route can be taken or received by the patient. Another nursing intervention is to take into account the physical assessment of the patient like vital organs, sensory and cognitive barriers and most importantly, age of the patient. The pharmacokinetics greatly depends on the age of the patient (Cheragi et al., 2014). References Ashoor, M. F., Bintouq, A. K., Rutter, M. K., Malik, R. A. (2016). Pancreatic islet cell transplantation as a treatment for brittle type 1 diabetes: A case report and review of the literature.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences,11(4), 395-400. Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., Michels, A. W. (2014). Type 1 diabetes.The Lancet,383(9911), 69-82. Bridgeman, M. B., Dalal, K. S. (2015). Insulin preparations.Nursing2016,45(7), 68. Cheragi, M. A., Manoocheri, H., Mohammadnejad, E., Ehsani, S. R. (2014). Types and causes of medication errors from nurses viewpoint.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research,18(3). Davies, E. A., O'mahony, M. S. (2015). Adverse drug reactions in special populationsthe elderly.British journal of clinical pharmacology,80(4), 796-807. Hubbard, R. E., OMahony, M. S., Woodhouse, K. W. (2013). Medication prescribing in frail older people.European journal of clinical pharmacology,69(3), 319-326. Lehne, R. A., Rosenthal, L. (2014).Pharmacology for nursing care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mondal, M. K., Roy, B. R., Banik, S., Banik, D. (2016). Medication Error in AnaesthesiaA Review.Journal of the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists,27(1), 31-35. Raban, M. Z., Westbrook, J. I. (2014). Are interventions to reduce interruptions and errors during medication administration effective?: a systematic review.BMJ quality safety,23(5), 414-421. Reeve, E., Wiese, M. D., Mangoni, A. A. (2015). Alterations in drug disposition in older adults.Expert opinion on drug metabolism toxicology,11(4), 491-508. Russell, S. J., El-Khatib, F. H., Sinha, M., Magyar, K. L., McKeon, K., Goergen, L. G., ... Damiano, E. R. (2014). Outpatient glycemic control with a bionic pancreas in type 1 diabetes.New England Journal of Medicine,371(4), 313-325. Sandow, J., Landgraf, W., Becker, R., Seipke, G. (2015). Equivalent recombinant human insulin preparations and their place in therapy.Eur Endocrinol,11(1), 10-6. Trescot, A. M. (2016). Opioid Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics. InControlled Substance Management in Chronic Pain(pp. 45-62). Springer International Publishing. Wallace, J., Paauw, D. S. (2015). Appropriate prescribing and important drug interactions in older adults.Medical Clinics of North America,99(2), 295-310. Zaccardi, F., Webb, D. R., Yates, T., Davies, M. J. (2016). Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective.Postgraduate medical journal,92(1084), 63-69.

Open Form Poetry free essay sample

A study of the open form style of poetry, as seen in the anonymous poem: What a wonderful bird the frog are,?. This paper examines attention-attracting styles in poetry, primarily open form poetry. It uses the anonymous poem: What a wonderful bird the frog are,? to highlight the characteristics of open form poetry explains the effect that this style of poetry has on the reader. It also touches on other attention-attracting devices, such as startling and repetition. Artists and writers utilize all manner of devices to attract their readers attentions. Vladimir Nabokov, in his tome Pale Fire, framed a novel in the form of a poem and its associated criticism. Nabokov publically stated that he attempted absolute mediocrity in writing the poem Pale Fire, but this only showcases the unerring genius in the remainder of the work and as some critics would have it, genius in the poem itself despite Nabokovs own disclaimer. We will write a custom essay sample on Open Form Poetry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thomas Pynchon, in his epic Gravitys Rainbow,` used all manner of attention-getting including various songs that the reader automatically sets to music in her head.`

Supreme Court Cases essays

Supreme Court Cases essays Over the past 100 years rights of U.S citizens have evolved. In particular the rights of woman and men have changed a great deal, also freedom of expression has changed a lot. Each one of the above rights have foot holds in several different amendments, specifically the First, Fifth, and Fourteenth for gender discrimination, and for freedom of expression the First mainly. The following cases are cases which I think represent the evolution of gender discrimination and freedom of expression best. The first case is Frontiero Vs. Richardson(1973) this case is a good example of gender discrimination. The gender which is being discriminated against is the female gender. Sharron Frontiero is a lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force. She filed for a dependents allowance for her husband. The dependents allowance was denied. According to Federal Law the wives of military members are provided with this allowance automatically, yet husbands of military members are not given the allowance unless there wives income provides for over one half of their support. According to Frontiero not allowing her husband or any other husbands to have dependency, by not allowing this they were unconstitutionally discriminating against female military members which violated the fifth amendments due process clause. Frontiero, won the case . The court found that yes, it violated the due process clause, which said dissimilar treatment for men and woman who are similarly situated. The second case is Michael M. Vs. Supreme Court of Somona County(1981) This is also a good example of gender discrimination. The gender being discriminated against male. Seventeen and and a half year old Michael M. was charged and found guilty of violating California statutory rape law. The law said that unlawful sexual intercourse was an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a female not the wife of the pe ...

Best Careers for Your Personality Type

Best Careers for Your Personality Type As you hunt for a job, some things are crucially important: your resume and experience, your skills, and your interview game are all major parts. But don’t forget another huge element: your personality. Your personality is who you are, both on the job and off of it, and it’s majorly important to understand who you are before you pick a career. After all, you want to find a career path that makes you feel happy and productive, not one that fills you with dread because you feel like you’re constantly pulled out of your comfort zone. (A little discomfort can be good and galvanizing for your career as you try new things. Too much just makes you miserable.) If you haven’t already, take the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality assessment, which is the gold standard in personality tests. It’s a little more intense than the â€Å"Which Member of The Stranger Things Cast Are You?† quiz you just took on Facebook, but worth it to get a handle on what your personality and motivations are. Each test breaks you down into one of 16 types based on four categories:Introversion vs. ExtroversionIntuition vs. SensingFeeling vs. ThinkingPerceiving vs. JudgingThere’s an official version of the test that you can take for $49.95, but there are also lots of free version, like this one, that also get the job done. Once you know your type (or if you knew it before, you forward-thinker, you!), let’s move on to see what kind of careers you might want to look at to match your personality type.ISTJ (Introvert, Sensing, Thinking, Judging)ISTJs are duty-focused people who value hard work and career commitment. ISTJs love their rules. They like to have concrete goals and deadlines, and often prefer to work with hard data or specific processes. Seek jobs that celebrate these skills, and let you put them to good use.Jobs to consider:AccountantOffice ManagerIT AnalystLaw Enforcement OfficerLogisticianISFJ (Introvert, Sensing, Feelin g, Judging)ISFJs tend to be organized, calm, and practical professionals. They’re big on caretaking, and may not be the loudest voice in the room, but will often be the most logical. ISFJs are good at walking others through processes, and guiding team members toward a particular goal or result. You’re best-suited for positions that need a steady mind and head, even when the going gets tough.Jobs to consider:Elementary School TeacherLibrarianCustomer Service RepresentativeMedical SecretaryExecutive AssistantINFJ (introvert, Intuition, Feeling, Judging)INFJs can be creative types, but are also guided by their own sets of principles and feelings of fair play. Structure and compassion are the two most important career qualities for INFJs. Look for jobs that value these traits- you don’t want to have to hide them, you want to use them to their best potential.Jobs to consider:Social WorkerHR ManagerCounselor/TherapistWriterVeterinarianINTJ (Introvert, Intuition, Think ing, Judging)INTJs are the ones you want on your side when you need a confident, expert opinion. INTJs want what they want when (and how they want it), and demand perfection from themselves and others. Your standards are high, where it’s for you or your client. You won’t be happy unless you find a job where you can refine things to make them better.Jobs to consider:Software DeveloperSurgeonFinancial AdvisorBusiness ExecutiveMicrobiologistISTP (Introvert, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving)ISTPs are movers and the shakers- they like to get things done now, because why wait when you can get results now? ISTPs are practical, dependable professionals who like to use strong methodology to get results. You’re a doer, not a bystander. Find a gig that lets you get in there and get your hands dirty.Jobs to consider: Police OfficerMechanicOperations AnalystCivil EngineerEconomistISFP (Introvert, Sensing, Feeling, Perceiving)ISFPs are helpers. They like to know that their work is directly and positively affecting others’ lives. They create products or provide services that people can use right away. ISFPs are often active members of their community, personally and professionally.Jobs to consider:Fashion DesignerHome Health AideMassage TherapistLandscape ArchitectStore OwnerINFP (Introvert, Intuition, Feeling, Perceiving)INFPs are optimists. They like to have careers that are making a difference to the world via creativity. INFPs are often motivated professionally by their strongly held personal values and beliefs. You’ll want to find a job that lets you channel your energy into making beautiful things and helping people realize their best potential.Jobs to consider:PsychologistArtist/Graphic DesignerWriterLibrarianHR TrainerINTP (Introvert, Intuition, Thinking, Perceiving)INTPs like hard evidence, and typically don’t operate on faith alone that something is true. INTPs like to constantly test theories and new ways of doing things, and continually re-evaluate their perspective. They are problem solvers. You’ll want to find a career thats largely cut-and-dry, with lots of facts and problems to be solved.Jobs to consider:MathematicianChemistPsychiatristProfessorArchitectESTP (Extrovert, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving)ESTPs can be adrenaline junkies, thriving on process and systems in an uncertain world. They’re great in a crisis, providing practical skills and guidance no matter what chaos is going on around them. You need a steady head and temperament, even when things are crumbling around you.Jobs to consider:Construction ContractorDetectiveStock BrokerFinancial AdvisorSales ManagerESFP (Extrovert, Sensing, Feeling, Perceiving)ESFPs feel at home talking to (and working with) just about everyone. They are great team members, who know the value of working together to accomplish specific goals or keep everyone together on task. You’re the friendly face amidst the chaos.Jobs to consider:Receptioni stCustomer Service RepresentativeJuvenile Social WorkerRecreation DirectorActorENFP (Extrovert, Intuition, Feeling, Perceiving)ENFPs are curious about the world around them, and do best in jobs that allow them to interact with a lot of different people. They’re often passionate advocates in their fields. Find jobs that surround you with creativity, one where you’re on your feet and making things happen.Jobs to consider: Restaurant OwnerJournalistPreschool TeacherCreative DirectorEvent PlannerENTP (Extrovert, Intuition, Thinking, Perceiving)ENTPs are creative types who thrive on challenges and finding new solutions to old problems. Seek jobs that let you flex your artistic and problem-solving muscles on a daily basis.Jobs to consider:Real Estate AgentReporterUrban PlannerMarketing AssociateEntrepreneurESTJ (Extrovert, Sensing, Thinking, Judging)ESTJs are often the ones in charge, with their abilities to make quick, logical decisions. They are quickly able to interpret s ituations and apply information to arrive at the best way of doing something.Jobs to consider:Loan OfficerSchool AdministratorLawyerPharmacistProject ManagerESFJ (Extrovert, Sensing, Feeling, Judging)ESFJs are caretakers. They take pride in providing excellent care, and are often motivated by seeing direct results with their customers, patients, or stakeholders. You’ll ideally want to look for jobs where you work daily with people, otherwise you won’t be fulfilled.Jobs to consider:NurseSales RepresentativeSocial WorkerCosmetologistNutritionistENFJ (Extrovert, Intuitive, Feeling, Judging)ENFJs are the gurus. They provide helpful, authoritative guidance, often with the goal of making the world a better (or at least more straightforward) place. You have the gift of inspiring people- find a job where you can use these skills.Jobs to consider:Nonprofit WorkerTeacherPR SpecialistClergymemberHealth EducatorENTJ (Extrovert, Intuitive, Thinking, Judging)ENTJs are leaders. Theyà ¢â‚¬â„¢re driven by results, and feel comfortable leading teams and setting goals to get everyone on the same page.  You’re a natural leader, so look for a job where you can take charge and make things happen.Jobs to consider: EngineerAttorneyPhysicianExecutiveManagerKnowing your personality type and motivations can really help clarify your career path, especially if you’re not totally sure what you want to do next. What about you? We’d love to hear what your results were, and if you learned anything about your professional options in the process!

Suicide Resulting from Job Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Suicide Resulting from Job Stress - Essay Example Studies have also revealed that most of the people relate their mental health problems to their job and the cost of the time which is lost due to any kind of mental health problem is immense. (Lewis, 2003). Every year in the UK, the absences due to stress related issues cost 4 billion pounds annually. Estimates in Canada reveal that annually the cost of time lost due to stress costs $ 12 billion. Factors that cause stress at workplace There are some people who think that stress works as a motivator and thus it is positive, however it can also be negative if it is very much and the workers get negatively affected by it. Excess stress can also result in various problems such as physical and health problems as well as thoughts of suicide. There are various factors that contribute to workplace stress. For instance, very long hours at work or a lot of work are a cause of stress. However, even if the work is too less it can also be a cause of stress for an individual. Other factors are thr eats to personal safety which occurs mainly in those places of work which are dangerous such as coal mines and oil refinancers. At every workplace, workplace conflict is a must and it occurs between those employees who disagree with one another on anything. This also occurs because of politics at work. Moreover, due to inflation and for cost cutting purposes, companies often downsize and opt for cutbacks which increase the issue of job security. Poor communication is another factor that causes stress at workplace because when the people are unable to understand what has been communicated to them, things do not work well. Besides this, lack of autonomy at work, few chances of growth and advancement and low involvement in decision making are some other factors. (Leat, 2001). Suicidal behaviors at the workplace Any individual who recognizes the signals a depressed person gives can intervene and help that person. However, most of the people do not feel comfortable being involved in such cases due to fear. There are some strategies that help in overcoming this fear and these are mentioned below. The companies should educate the employees as well as the management regarding suicide and they must be informed about the factors and warning signs that lead to suicide. Before any kind of crisis occurs, community resources and the referral options must be identified. The employees should know that intervening in their life does not mean that the counseling process would be prolonged. After A Suicide Attempt When an employee attempts for suicide, there are two major concerns he has when he returns to the job. Firstly, he thinks he would go through psychiatric hospitalization and secondly their other concern is what their colleagues will think about them. It is shown in some studies that psychiatric hospitalization can be negative for an employee since it can lead to assumptions which are incorrect because of which the individual will not be treated properly. There are howe ver some steps which can be followed to make it easy for the employees to return to their work without much problems. (Barker, 2008). The management must safeguard the confidentiality of the employee that he has attempted

Considering the Most Comprehensive Method of Handling Information Research Paper

Considering the Most Comprehensive Method of Handling Information Security - Research Paper Example There are numerous businesses today that place most of their information in computer systems. Hospitals, the military, the government and many other small enterprises use them. This information could be detrimental to the company if it was accessed by the public hence the need for information security. It is quite common to find that certain businesses usually have the names of their employees, their salaries, bank account details in their computer systems. On top of this, one may find that other firms place their client details, sales information and marketing information in their database. In the event that some of this information is lost, destroyed or compromised in any way, then the given company will be hampered from going about their daily operations.   It should be noted that software protection through virus protection or through the imposition of firewalls alone cannot be enough to solve the information security problem. There should be set procedures and systems within any one given organisation that will facilitate the process of efficient data protection.   Information systems are distributed in three main parts. These are; software, hardware and communications. This implies that any sort of information security systems must be applied in the three realms. It must also be made in such a way that it cuts across the physical, organisational and the personal. Procedures and policies normally used for these systems are those ones that apply to computer operators, users and administrators. It should be noted that information security applies to all types of data; it may be electronic data, print data or even other forms. Because of the wide aspect of information security, it has now become a career field on its own.

Turning Algae into Gasoline Essay Example for Free

Turning Algae into Gasoline Essay Studies about converting algae into biodiesel started during the 1980s. However, the idea is still not yet fully developed nowadays. With the increasing value of oil in the market some people are finding other alternatives. Many organizations are now starting to develop algae into fuel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Algae are easy to find and those living things grow faster which means that supply of algae is not going to be a problem. Those can be found on ponds, rivers, mostly in watery places. Those creatures can even grow in man-made environments. Algae can live in salt water and even in low temperature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using algae as an alternative for gasoline has several advantages. One is that algae do not have to use big amounts of agricultural places in order to be produced. So, there will be enough places to plant more crops for foods. Also, cultivating algae will also help to lessen the carbon dioxide in the world since those creatures needs carbon dioxide. The emissions of carbon dioxide upon refining the algae into gasoline are lesser than fossil fuels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, turning algae into gasoline is not that easy. Algae should have enough amount of sunlight in order to produce good quality gasoline. And since algae grew faster, those creatures sometimes destroy the carbon dioxide they use to make foods and leads to the blockage of sunlight they need to survive. After all, it is not easy to found algae that have the right quality in order to be converted into gasoline.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, to produce gasoline, some chemicals, such as methanol or hexane, are used to extract oil from the algae. There are possibilities that the chemicals used will affect the water and land where the plant is located.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are disadvantages and advantages on turning algae into gasoline. As of the moment, the study is young and needs more experiments and further studies regarding this issue. This study needs to have more development. References Crooks, E. (2007, December 12).Shell bets on algae to make biofuel. The Financial Times. Retrieved May 31, 2008, from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0c2d084a-a857-11dc-9485-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 Douglass, E. (2008, May 29). Sapphire Energy turns algae into green crude for fuel. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 31, 2008, from http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-greencrude29-2008may29,0,1053218.story Kanellos, M. (2007, May 10). The Math on turning algae into fuel. Retrieved May 31, 2008, from http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9717949-7.html Montana State University (2008, January 19). Renewed Interest In Turning Algae Into Fuel Generated. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 31, 2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ­ /releases/2008/01/080115132840.htm Svoboda, E. (2007, July 1). The greenest green fuel. Retrieved May 31, 2008, from http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2007-07/greenest-green-fuel

Analysis of Fagins Last Night Alive in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist E

Analysis of Fagin's Last Night Alive in Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist Combining entertainment with a deep critique of the contemporary socioeconomic system and philosophy, Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist explores the reality that in Victorian London, crime was neither heroic nor romantic. A setting of debauchery, thievery, prostitution, and murder, Fagin's underworld didactically illustrates the "unattractive and repulsive truth (36)," that one's environment--not birth--influences character. Attempting to introduce society to the evil it had created, Dickens penned "Fagin's Last Night Alive," manipulating both his literal and figurative audience, capitalizing on the current sentiments and issues. By typifying Fagin as the absolute evil, Dickens uses contemporary religious temperaments and society's apathy and ignorance, to reveal a reality about the underworld lifestyle that society was not willing to acknowledge--society is somewhat guilty for the underworld's corruption. Distant, detached, and ignorant of society's degenerate condition, the developing society feared reality's ugliness. Believing that decadence encouraged decadence and that one's birth influenced one's character, society sought welfare reform, establishing centralized institutions for public assistance. Once established, the Poor Law separated families, put the poor to work in occupations that no one wanted, creating an environment that was less appealing for public assistance, and more appealing for employment. Believing that it had made today better than yesterday, society went about its business, ignoring the reality of starvation, illness, and death. The conditions after the Poor Law forced people to avoid public assistance, leaving them the only... ...f society must rid itself of devils, it should also accept the guilt for the things it has created. Understanding the relationship between environment and morality--indifference and depravity--Dickens evaluated what the system does to a person, how it classifies, how it deforms. Fagin manages the underworld, connoting corruption as an entertaining, enjoyable, and artful game not only because of his intrinsic craftiness, but also because it is the only way he knows to survive. Exploiting his audience's attitudes, Dickens shaped a character with religious stereotypes to ensure that his readers could recognize the absolute evil it had bore through its ignorance and apathy--poverty is a product of a societal environment. Work Cited Dickens, Charles. A Norton Critical Edition: Charles Dickens Oliver Twist.? Ed. Fred Kaplan. New York: Norton & Company, 1993.

Hospitals and Long-Term Care Facilities Essay

Abstract Hospitals can be set up as nonprofit or for-profit facilities. The differences between the nonprofit and for profit hospitals will be discussed. Hospitals have experienced different trends in the last thirty years. This paper will identify at least three major trends that have occurred within the hospital sector. Three examples that describe and differentiate the roles of hospitals and nursing homes are providing long-term care. The conclusion of this paper will be a brief critiquing of the current state of long-term care policy in the United States. Hospitals and Long-Term Care Facilities The differences between nonprofit and for-profit hospitals: A characteristic as stated by Williams and Torrens (2008) of nonprofit hospitals is that these hospitals do not function under the realm of regular corporate law but under a special provision of the corporate law in each state. It is also noted that nonprofit hospitals also function under special federal and state tax provisions because of recognition of their community service function. Other characteristics of nonprofit hospitals are they do not have owners and their governing body is a community based board that has complete authority over operations. Nonprofit hospitals, in general, are not required to pay most of the taxes at federal, state and local levels. Under section 501C (3) of the federal tax code, the non-profits are exempt. Due to this exemption status donations made by individuals are tax deductible. Nonprofit entities are not only expected to care for the destitute and poor but they are also expected to provi de a variety of services to the community (Williams & Torrens, 2008). Now that the characteristics of the non-profit have been outlined the for-profit entities make-up will be discussed. For profit entities, unlike nonprofit ones, have owners. The owners are issued stocks and these stocks reflect the owner’s equity position. â€Å"For- profit  entities, including hospitals, may be publicly or privately held† (Williams & Torrens, 2008, p. 186). Stocks for entities for-profit that are publicly held are made available for anyone to purchase. Publicly held for-profit entities are plagued with various accountability and regulation rules that are supervised by the Securities and Exchange Commission at both federal and state level. Williams and Torrens (2008) state that privately held for-profit entities issue stock but the difference in public versus private issuing of stock is that the private for-profit stock is not available for purchase by the general public. For-profit hospitals, in the past, have been owned by the physicians who work in them but due to the astronomical costs of such expenditures as: building, maintaining and operating a hospital in today’s market the trend of physician owned for-profit hospitals is almost extinct. The majority of for-profit hospitals in the United States are part of a large multihospital chain. The multi chains of hospitals as stated by Williams & Torrens (2008) are publicly traded. For-profit hospitals do not serve only the community but they are also expected to operate at a profit so that the equity investors receive a return on their capital (Williams & Torrens, 2008). Three major trends that have occurred within the hospital sector. One of three major trends that have occurred within the hospital sector is the increase in specialty hospitals. The specialty hospitals focus on such areas as cancer and heart disease as well as profitable fields like orthopedic surgery. The specialty hospitals as stated by Williams & Torrens (2008) show an increase of being owned partially by the physicians who practice in them. Some would make the argument that the specialty hospitals provide the best care while others see these hospitals as entities that â€Å"siphon off insured and relatively healthier patients leaving the less profitable and more complicated cases to community general hospitals† (Williams & Torrens, 2008, p. 194). Concerns raised by the physicians’ ownership of the specialty hospitals include but not limited to are that the financial incentives will affect the treatment decisions (i.e. diagnostic services) and also that the physicians will treat the less complicated but yet more profitable health care cases and leave the biggest burden of caring for the less fortunate, financially challenged and uninsured individuals to the community and public hospitals (Williams & Torrens, 2008) Another trend that has occurred within the hospital sector  is in the field of technology. â€Å"Technology has shaped the physical and operational structures of hospitals, has affected the lives of patients and families, and has provided a delivery vehicle for physicians in clinical practice† (Williams & Torrens, 2008, p. 195). It is technological research that allows for the services hospitals provide for example anesthesia and antisepsis laid the ground work for surgical care and imaging technology has impacted effective intervention for individuals seeking care in a hospital atmosphere. Technology has affected a vast array of individuals: obstetric patients, those in need of pediatric care and terminally ill patients just to name a few. Advanced technology has led to development â€Å"increased specialization, clinical practices, expansion of specialized services, new medical and surgical specialties, and treatments for many diseases for which little curative or other care could be provided† (Williams & Torrens, 2008, p. 195). While continued advance technology leads toward continuous improved health care it also brings along with it problems, especially for the hospitals. The hospitals are immensely gratified by the increased technology and its application to improve overall general health but along with the benefits comes complications. Hospitals are expected to provide the most up to date technology but at the most effective pricing to please their customers, patients and physicians. This presents a major challenge to hospitals (Williams & Torrens, 2008) Academic medical centers are another trend that has occurred within the hospital sector. Academic medical centers are composed of medical schools and thei r primary teaching hospitals. The â€Å"academic medical centers provide tertiary, secondary, and primary care but have a principal focus on biomedical research, teaching of medical residents and medical students, and often an array of other professional training, research, and services activities† (Williams & Torrens, 2008, p. 196). Unlike other hospitals, the academic medical center does not have top priorities of financial efficiency and customer satisfaction. Great demands are placed on these facilities by physicians and researchers to provide the latest technology and staffing for the assurance of teaching and clinical investigation. According to Williams and Torrens (2008) the long-term strengths and successes of our health care systems depends largely on the success of the academic medical centers to achieve their mission. Three examples that describe and differentiate the roles of hospitals and nursing  homes in providing long term care. The nursing home facility is for patients who need extended care because they are very sick or unable to function without continued nursing and supportive services in a formal health care facility. These patients are sick and/or are in need of assistance but they are not ill enough that they require the intense treatment and care offered at a hospital. According to Will iams and Torrens (2008) about forty-seven percent of all nursing home facility care is paid for by Medicaid and residents and their families pay approximately one-third of the cost for the facility services. In recent years the length of time one stays at a nursing home has greatly decreased. Even with the decrease in stay there is still a fifty percent chance of an individual in his/her lifetime having to spend some time in a nursing facility. Both of these previous mentioned trends is reflective of the nursing facilities moving toward becoming more technologically sophisticated as well as being able to function as more of a short term temporary residence for patients in between the hospital and going home (Williams & Torrens, 2008). Hospitals are designed to take care of the more acute problems and emergencies. Hospitals provide a wide array of outpatient services. The outpatient services range from â€Å"rehabilitation to mental health counseling to outpatient surgery† (Williams & Torrens, 2008, p. 205). Unlike the nursing home facility the primary source of payment for hospital stay and services is Medicare and private insurance and very little payment comes from individuals. The current state of long-term care policy in the United States. Medicare provides financing for medical care for nearly all elderly Americans and others with certain disabilities but this does not hold true for long-term care. The majority of individuals needing long term must depend on family and friends and sometimes the community they live in. There is a lot of work to be done in the United States as it relates to the financing of long term care for every needy individual (Williams & Torrens, 2008). There is no clear and precise policy in the United States for long-term care but there are different provisions within Medicare and Medicaid that provide for long-term services for some (not all) individuals in need of it. While the financing of long-term care has been and continues to be a challenge for the United States there have been strives in the care coordination of long-term patients. The care coordination that has emerged through the years for long  term care patients appears to be relatively effective. â€Å"Quality is enhanced when information is communicated among all the professionals caring for a person, and efficiencies are achieved when duplication of services is avoided† (Williams & Torrens, 2008, p. 211). Case management, which is a process that encompasses the following: case identification, assessment, care planning, service arrangement, monitoring and reassessment enables one professional individual to work with the family to coordinate and obtain all of the services that the long term care patient may need. Case management has proven to have one of the most positive effects of improving long-term care (Williams & Torrens, 2008). References Williams, S. J., & Torrens, P. R. (Eds.). (2008). Introduction to health services: 2010 custom edition (7th ed.). New York: Cengage Delmar Learning.

Cycling Is an Ideal Mode of Transport Essay

With the improvement of living standard, the ownership of cars is increasing because of their convenience and rapid speed. However, some social experts consider that as a form of transport in urban areas, cycling is better than cars, which could combine the means of transport with public health. This essay will argue that cycling is an ideal mode of transport in crowed cities by focusing on the expenditure and environment effects. Firstly, cycling is a convenient and affordable mean of transport. Cyclists do not need to worry about traffic congestion which often appears during rush hour in busy cites. Normally it is believed that commuting by motor vehicles is quicker than by bikes, however, in short distance, cycling may spend a short time which does not include traffic jam and parking. Furthermore, cycling could reduce the cost of living dramatically. With the price of petrol, parking and maintenance increasing, traveling by cars costs more money than by bicycle. Despite the fact that cycling is not available for bad weather, most circumstance is suitable to ride a bike. Therefore, overall cycling is beneficial to the users. In addition to this, another reason to choose cycling is that it is environmental friendly. Compared with cars, cycling does not emit any carbon dioxide to the environment. Motor vehicles have already become the main polluter. If cycling is encouraged, air pollution would be reduced considerably and climate change could be alleviated in the future. Moreover, cycling is an effective way to escape from noise, because noisy pollution in urban centres is caused mainly by cars, which has negative impacts on living quality. As a result, cycling has minimal effects on the environment. In conclusion, cycling is an ideal mean of transport in modern cities as it is cost effective and environmental friendly. Therefore, government should build more implement for cycling such as bike paths and lines to ensure the safety of cyclists, which could encourage more citizens to enjoy cycling.

family values essays

family values essays Why were family values so important to the British middle class? Family values were so important to the middle class because as a class they wanted to be better than the other classes in society. It was the only thing that united them. In the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century it was a time of industrialisation. The middle class was establishing itself as a class of respectability, and making a living in the new industrial society. It developed into a class of prosperity that knew, unlike the upper class that it had worked for its living. As a result when middle class men came home from their work they wanted to relax, to be somewhere that was free from work. This became the home and as a result a divide between the public and private spear developed. Along with this divide others started to develop, the most important one was the new gender roles. There became a sharp divide in the roles of gender. Men were to be involved in the public sphere of society and women in the private. As a class the middle people in s ociety embraced these new ideals. There was a revival in Evangelical religion at this time, which was also emphasising the new roles of gender divides. The middle class supported their campaign and before long the new ideas were part of every day life. They included the idea that there was a very distinctive difference between men and women, this was both in their nature and physical appearance. Due to these differences they believed there should be a difference in the behaviour of the two sexes. Women were supposed to be domestic creatures with their place being in the home. They were to be protected from the public sphere, as they were naive and easily lead astray. In their new role women were to be seen as wives and mothers living under the control of their husband or father. They were supposed to behave morally and set examples to others. Part of this image was that t...

5 tips healthcare recruiters dont want you to find out

5 tips healthcare recruiters dont want you to find out Healthcare recruiters are facing one of the largest hiring uphill battles in recent memory, which leaves more negotiating room on the table for job seekers looking to get into the healthcare industry. Healthcare recruiters are dealing with a qualified workforce shortage in numbers that haven’t been seen previously. Hospitals and healthcare systems have been expanding, planned investments are coming to fruition, and an aging workforce that needs to be replaced are all adding onto the plate of addition hires that healthcare recruiters need to make. As a new entry into the job seeking realm, you might be wondering about some tips or tricks that you could use to help leverage your experience and skillset to get a new job in the healthcare industry. HospitalCareers.com recently published an article titled â€Å"5 Secrets Healthcare Recruiters Don’t Want You To Know, which contains a wealth of tips to help new job seekers in their healthcare career job search. Use this resou rce to learn some tips and tricks that healthcare recruiters don’t want you to find out about when negotiating in your job search.Here’s a look at the 5 tips healthcare recruiters don’t want you to find out:Qualified job applicants per job posting are decliningWhile the healthcare industry has been steadily adding jobs at a faster rate than any other industry, qualified candidates who apply to these recent job postings are declining. This means that the time it takes to fill a recent job posting is rising, which costs healthcare recruiters and healthcare systems more money to fill each position. In addition, the number of baby boomers who are retiring increases each year with once-filled positions now needing new hires to combat rising turnover rates.New healthcare job seekers can leverage the rising number of open positions by catering their resumes and cover letters to match each open position or position category. This helps separate you from the rest of the applications that often feel manufactured or duplicated without much care between each position.Salaries are on the riseAs the demand for qualified healthcare job seekers rises, salaries and additional benefits packages are rising over time as well. Healthcare recruiters are taking drastic measures to attract new talent to their open positions and job seekers are being rewarded for their tailored education and experience in the healthcare industry.Job seekers can leverage the recent upward trend of salaries and compensation packages by highlighting how their skill set would make them a stronger fit for the open position than some of the lesser-qualified candidates that a healthcare recruiter might be considering.Hiring budgets are getting tighterEven though new healthcare jobs are being posted faster than healthcare recruiters can fill them, hiring budgets are getting tighter each year. Healthcare recruiting managers want to decrease the amount of time and resources they spend each year on filling open job postings, which creates a struggle for healthcare recruiters. Increasingly, healthcare recruiters need to fill positions with qualified applicants who will remain with the hospital or healthcare system for the long term so that they can decrease the costly turnover ratio.A job is a commitment between both the employer and employee. New job seekers can use the knowledge of tighter hiring budgets to convey their commitment to the company for the long term, which will help separate themselves from those candidates who will jump ship at the first chance.Niche job boards account for most recruitmentIncreasingly niche job boards account for more qualified recruiting than standard job sites. Some of the largest job board sites like Indeed, CareerBuilder, and Monster are increasingly littered with spam and job postings that make it difficult to separate qualified candidates from spam candidates. Some of the largest job board sites allow candidates to upload their re sume and then spam applications to any job they feel they might be qualified for without an in-depth look at the job requirements or details.This means that healthcare recruiters are increasingly turning to niche related job boards to hire more qualified candidates and narrow down their pool of applicants. With the increased restrictions mentioned above for healthcare recruiters, job seekers can increase their chance of earning a new position by using niche specific job boards.Applicant tracking systems are phasing out qualified applicantsAs more organizations switch to large applicant tracking systems, more qualified applicants are being phased out unintentionally. Applicant tracking systems help narrow down the field of prospective applicants based on different criteria set out by the recruiter. Filling out these applicant tracking systems takes more time than simply clicking on a potential job posting, and qualified applicants are deciding to skip them entirely. The thinking from those who skip these applicant tracking systems is that they can fill out a great quantity of potential job postings, than fill out a quality application.This leaves room for those qualified job seekers who don’t mind filling out these detailed applicant tracking systems and showcase a prime example of quality over quantity, something that every healthcare recruiter wants to see. New healthcare career job seekers can separate themselves from those individuals who choose to apply elsewhere, and be a part of the smaller pool of applicants that a healthcare recruiter has to sift through.Well there you have it, 5 tips healthcare recruiters don’t want you to find out when attempting to secure a new job in the healthcare industry. Moving forward in your journey to securing a new position, you can be confident that you have additional knowledge that will make your job search go a little easier.About the author:Ryan Bucci is a Content Strategist with HospitalCareers. Hospital Careers is the leading platform for healthcare and hospital jobs with over 25,000 job postings, career advice, and career insights.

The life of William shakespeare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The life of William shakespeare - Research Paper Example Of the five siblings, William had two sisters and three brothers. Edmund Shakespeare, the last born in the Shakespeare family was born when William was in his teenage years, and that’s when he lost one of his sisters. John Shakespeare later became the mayor of the town in which William was born. Shakespeare never had an extensive education life. At the age of six or seven, William Shakespeare attended the King’s new school in Stratford (a school that taught children of prominent citizens) where he leant grammar and got the chance of sharpening his writing skills which laid down the foundation of his career in theater. In his secondary, he studied Latin, literature, rhetoric, logic, and ethics. In his work, there is evidence of Roman comedy, classical mythology and ancient history. This is believed to be his only formal education as there is no evidence to suggest he ever received university training. William might have been withdrawn from the school of grammar due to the increased poverty of his father at the age of thirteen. At that time, his father was a butcher, and William joined him in that business for some time. The business of John Shakespeare had gone from bad to worse, and at the time, William Shakespeare was eighteen, his father was deprived of his mayorship. This happened on 6th of September 1586. Not much is known about the life of William Shakespeare in his youth, but it is evident that at the age of eighteen, he got married to a farmer’s daughter known as Anne Hathaway who was eight years older than him. They married when Anne had William’s pregnancy and she gave birth six months later. It is believed that Shakespeare was forced into marriage by the Hathaway family since he wanted to marry one Anne Whateley who was already married to Wm Shaxpere and that he had previously impregnated Anne Hathaway. William Shakespeare never showed affection to his wife. This is evident because in his first draft of his will,

The reasons of global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The reasons of global warming - Essay Example Is there global warming Yes, there is global, though not everyone agrees on the fact that is happening, how to deal with it, or what the end results will be.1 In this paper we will discuss global warming The United Nations Climate Change Conference is to be held this week in Copenhagen. There will be 192 nations there. It will be a very significant meeting and the primary aim is to slow global warming. In 1997 this same team organized the Kyoto Protocol which called for a 5.2% change in carbon dioxide emissions from the 1990 levels. The United States refused to ratify it, though they now say they are willing to reduce carbon emissions in the United States by 50%. The treaty expires in 2012. When ask what they hoped to accomplish this time, the United Nations' de Boer says that it needs to include, greenhouse-gas emission goals for industrialized nations, emission free energy goals for developing nations, promises of money and machinery from industrialized nations to meet goals, and agreement on how to meet those goals. If global warming is so important then why did the last treaty not get signed2 The "Identifying Signatures of Natural Climate Variability in Time Series of Global-Mean Surface Temperature:Methodology and Insights" study is an international study done by a team of scientists from Colorado State University, Washington State University, East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, and Exeter, United Kingdom. They used several models during their study since there has been such controversy over the different models showing different things. All of the models were tested by each group and when the final results came back, it was obvious that the predications of global warming were correct. Those model studies will be presented at the International Conference.3 The three model studies used were CTI, TENSO, and Tdyn. All three studies showed a continual increase in the overall temperature over time. That did not mean that there was not some cooling off done. In fact there were many dips but after each dip, the temperature increased to a new high average. Again the high aver age has been increasing more rapidly over the last 10-20 years. Technology would have to cut back. This would mean a large stain on an already strained world economy. Carbon dioxide emissions would have to be decreased by factories, cars, food manufacturers and many others. This does not appeal to the United States congress or others. The cost in dollars is high. One of the controversial issues is that the richer countries would have to pay for the poorer countries to receive the help they needed; of course global warming did not occur because of the poorer countries but because of the practices of the industrialized countries. Then there is the controversy. Is global warming really happening or is it hype that is created by the scientist to get us to clean up our act4 Recently, there was a disclosure about emails that were stolen from England's University of East Anglia. Those emails included climate researchers "bad-mouthing critics and struggling to explain if global warming is real, why recent years' temperatures didn't exceed 1998 and 2005 levels, the warmest on record."(Vergano, 2009, pg 2). This kind of thing is what is discouraging

American Airline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Airline - Essay Example At the same time, it maximizes on the profits whenever apparent (Oliver, 108). In addition, this strategy trims down the stiff competition from rival airlines and enhances quality services (Koontz, 439). To understand how the airline maximizes profits and selling amount needed to determine the optimal mix of fare for this flight, the super 80 jet with a carrying capacity of 125 to calculate was provided. Exhibit 1 shows past information of this flight’s cumulative graph and shows that the fare for this flight ranges from $170-$750 per seat. Chances are that 20-25 booking opportunities will be vacant for us to retain the customers, as all tickets are refundable. This gives us enough time to bid new prices for the flight before any booking announcement has taken place. Additionally there is a 15% and 20% no show flow of local passengers, and obviously, demand is greater for the lower charge than the higher charge; hence, no fiscal records for no-shows. Profits are an unconstructive action due to spoilage and over-sale penalties, yet it is an affirmative action due to the optimal mix fares. The percentage of cost incurred due to spoilage is $150 each, and the penalty for over-sa le is $100 per passenger for five passengers and below, $250 per passenger for six to ten passengers and $500 per passenger for eleven and more passengers. Fares are determined by the rule of supply and demand; that is, when the departure date is near, and the fare decreases when the flight is sparsely booked, and seats start to run out the fare increases. In regard to the super 80 jet, the capability of bidding the prices is used to compel acceptance or rejection of bookings, which is from $170-$750 per seat. For example, a customer asked for the pro-rated fare, which is greater or equal to your bid price, the entire passengers are accepted with the same fare, thus determining the proceeds. As stated earlier, profits are determined

Causes effects and history of prostitution

Causes effects and history of prostitution Prostitution is listed among the crimes some refer to as victimless or consensual crimes, but research shows that may not be the true picture of prostitution. Before proceeding, we need to define prostitution. Despite of the fact that, prostitution being known as the oldest profession in the history of mankind. The workable definition has proven elusive. From a dictionary we learn that prostitution is the act or practice of engaging in sexual intercourse for money. But a prostitute cannot simply be a woman who sells her body, since that was the norm of the society that women will get marriage in order to accomplish home and better life style. Promiscuity has been proposed as another candidate. Medieval canon lawyer Johannes Teutonicus suggested that a woman who had sex with more than 23,000 men should be classified as a prostitute, although, furthermore he says that sexual intercourse with 40 to 60 opposite gender would also be called prostitute. However, promiscuity itself does not turn a woman into a prostitute. Although a vast majority of prostitutes are promiscuous, most people would agree that sleeping around does not amount to prostitution. Hence I define prostitution as systematic sexual violence and oppression against female. Selected national and international research projects and various programs by women have been initiated to address the health burden of violence against women. Such projects have especially focused on the health consequences to women of battering or domestic violence, rape and sexual assault, child sexual abuse and incest, and female genital mutilation (See, for example, World Bank Discussion Papers 255, Violence Against Women: the Hidden Health Burden). In depicting the health effects of such forms of violence against women, these projects attempt to make the violence, harm and human rights violation to women visible. However, a consideration of the dire health consequences of prostitution demonstrates that prostitution not only gravely impairs womens health but it is obviously violence against women. The health consequences to women from prostitution are the same injuries and infections suffered by women who are subjected to other forms of violence. The physical health consequences include: injury (bruises, broken bones, black eyes, concussions). A 1994 study conducted with 68 women in Minneapolis/St.Paul who had been prostituted for at least six months found that 50% of those women had been physically assaulted by their purchasers, and a third of those experienced purchaser assaults at least several times a year. 23% of those assaulted were beaten severely enough to have broken bones. Furthermore, 90% of the women in this study had experienced violence in their personal relationships resulting in miscarriage, stabbing, loss of consciousness, and head injuries (Parriott, Health Experiences of Twin Cities Women Used in Prostitution). Prostitution is physically harmful to women. STDs (including HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, human papilloma virus, and syphilis) are alarmingly high among women in prostitution. Only 15 % of the women in the Minneapolis/St. Paul study had never contracted one of the STDs, not including AIDS, most injurious to health (chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrheal, herpes). General gynecological problems, but in particular chronic pelvic pain and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), plague women in prostitution. The Minneapolis/St. Paul study reported that 31% of the women interviewed had experienced at least one episode of PID which accounts for most of the serious illness associated with STD infection. Among these women, there was also a high incidence of positive pap smears, several times greater than the Minnesota Department of Healths cervical cancer screening program for low and middle income women. More STD episodes can increase the risk of cervical cancer. Another physical effect of p rostitution is unwanted pregnancy and miscarriage. Other health effects include irritable bowel syndrome, as well as partial and permanent disability. The emotional health consequences of prostitution include severe trauma, stress, depression, anxiety, self-medication through alcohol and drug abuse; and eating disorders. Almost all the women in the Minneapolis/St. Paul study categorized themselves as chemically-addicted. Crack cocaine and alcohol were used most frequently. Ultimately, women in prostitution are also at special risk for self-mutilation, suicide and homicide. 46% of the women in the Minneapolis/St. Paul study had attempted suicide, and 19% had tried to harm themselves physically in different ways, for example, in another survey of 55 victims/survivors of prostitution who used the services of the Council for Prostitution Alternative in Portland, Oregon, 78% were victims of rape by pimps and male buyers an average of 49 times a year; 84% were the victims of aggravated as sault and were thus horribly beaten, often requiring emergency room attention and hospitalization; 53% were victims of sexual abuse and torture; and 27% were mutilated (Documentation available from the Council for Prostitution Alternatives). In developing countries, it has also been estimated that 70 percent of female infertility is caused by sexually transmitted diseases that can be traced back to their husbands or partners (Jodi L. Jacobson, The Other Epidemic, p. 10). Among women in rural Africa, female infertility is widespread from husbands or partners who migrate to urban areas, buy commercial sex, and bring home infection and sexually transmitted diseases. Women in prostitution industries have been blamed for this epidemic of STDs when in reality, studies confirm that it is men who buy sex in the process of migration who carry the disease from one prostitute woman to another and ultimately back to their wives and girlfriends. The movement of abandoned or rejected barren women to urban prostitution has been documented in Niger, Uganda, and the Central African Republic. Numerous studies in Africa and Asia by the World Bank and a number of international research organizations have found that divorced or separated wom en comprise the great majority of prostitutes or semi prostitutes (Jacobson, p. 13). Thus, a major health effect of the mass male consumption of commercial sex and the expansion of sex industries in developing countries is not only a rampant increase in sexually transmitted diseases but an exponential increase in infertility. The further effects of this vicious cycle insure that a whole new segment of women who are abandoned by their husbands due to infertility, are propelled into prostitution for survival. In both developing and industrialized country contexts, current campaigns to control the spread of HIV/AIDS by advocating safe sex for women in prostitution fail to address the blatant inequities between women who are bought for sex and the men who pay for it. Any AIDS strategy based on negotiating condom use between the purchaser of sex and the woman who must supply it assumes symmetry of power that does not even exist between women and men in many personal consensual relationsh ips. If AIDS programs are serious about eradicating AIDS, they must challenge the sex industry. Women in prostitution are targeted as the problem instead of making the sex industry problematic and challenging the mass male consumption of women and children in commercial sex. This is institutionalized when governments and NGOs argue for the medicalization of prostitution when they propose laws on prostitution which subject women to periodic medical check-ups. It is stated that women in the sex industry would be better protected if they submitted, or were required to submit, to health and especially STD screening. The way in which sex industries are responsible for the widespread health problems of women and children is mystified with proposals to implement health checks of women in the industry. No proposals have been forthcoming, from those who would propose both mandatory and voluntary medical surveillance for women in the sex industry, to medically monitor the men who would purchase sex. The same is true with current attempts to medicalize prostitution. No action will stabili ze the sex industry more than legitimating prostitution through the health care system. If medical personnel are called upon to monitor women in prostitution, as part of occupational health safety, we will have no hope of eradicating the industry. Furthermore, from a health perspective alone, it is inconceivable that medicalization of women in the industry will reduce infection and injury without concomitant medicalization of the male buyers. Thus medicalization, which is rightly viewed as a consumer protection act for men rather than as a real protection for women, ultimately protects neither women nor men. As with other forms of violence against women eradicating the health burden of prostitution entails addressing but going beyond its health effects. To address the health consequences of prostitution, the international human rights community must understand that prostitution harms women and that in addition to needing health services; women must be provided with the economic, social and psychological means to leave prostitution. Until prostitution is accepted as violence against women and a violation of womens human rights, the health consequences of prostitution cannot be addressed adequately. Conversely, until the health burden of prostitution is made visible, the violence of prostitution will remain hidden. Once Victor Hugo quotes stated in is novel; We say that slavery has vanished from European civilization, but this is not true. Slavery still exists, but now it applies only to women and its name is prostitution.

Birth of Venus by Boticelli Essays -- painting analysis

In this article we will discuss the â€Å"Birth of Venus,† a well-known painting by the artist Alessandro di Filipepi Botticelli; completed in 1857. The reason why I chose this painting is, because of the fact that I wanted to give you a bit of information on this painting. Some of the examples I chose are; where did it come from, who originally wanted the painting, and why it came to be? I chose these examples because I have always wondered about these things myself, and hopefully I will be able to answer them for you too. However you may now wonder why I am even talking about this piece or what my intent behind this article is, you shouldn’t. The reason I am writing, is because I have always been fascinated by this piece and the calming effect it has on me. I remember whenever I saw it for the first I thought of the figure Pomona as a motherly figure and wanted to be beautiful like Venus, but that couldn’t be. Instead, I began to do research, since I wanted to learn a bit more about the piece myself. My main goal here is to try to and make you understand some of the things that I’ve already learned about the piece. So let’s get started and I’ll tell you some examples of the things I’ve learned while studying this piece. One that the piece was not originally released to the public, two it was not the most original piece out there, and three the piece was originally a commissioned work. Now, you might be wondering who commissioned the piece, the answer to that question is that the painting was commissioned by Lorenzo di Pier Frencesco Di Medici. He commissioned the painting, because he wanted it for private use in his villa and not for public domain. The second thing you might wonder now is why the piece was not original; the reason... ...re that if you just type in the Birth of Venus you will find a few pictures that make fun of or use the image again; but all of the imitations always keep the same theme so I would prefer not to discuss it anymore. ¬ While writing this paper I enjoyed telling you a bit about the things that I’ve learned about this piece and hope that you have enjoyed them too. I think that you should feel a bit better about knowing the fact that the piece is safe today and will continue to be, along with just knowing a few more things about this piece. Works Cited â€Å"Botticelli’s Birth of Venus†. Italianrenaissance.org. Italian Renaissance.org 2013 web. 12-6-2013 â€Å"Sandro Botticelli Biography†. Artble.com Artble 2013 web. 12-6-2013 â€Å"The Birth of Venus By Sandro Botticelli†. Uffizi.org 2013 web. 12-6-2013 Nicolas Pioch, â€Å"Botticelli, Sandro†. ibiblio.org. Jun 19, 2006 web. 12-7-13

Jean Watson

Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Heidijo Elyea Olivet Nazarene University Theoretical and Professional Foundations of Nursing MSN SP2013 NRSG-653-54 Theresa Williams March 19, 2013 Certification of Authorship: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for the purpose of this assignment.Your Signature: _____Heidijo Elyea____________________________ Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on holistic care of the patient and understanding the power of a meaningful therapeutic relationship. The theory is a middle-range theory and is based on the role of care and the influence of caring on healing. Caring is a moral ideal of nursing that involves m ind, body, and soul engagement with another, which can be expressed through nursing interventions (Chinn & Kramer, 2011).Many nurses have adopted Jean Watson’s Caring Theory in their own practice. Nursing has a commitment to protect, enhance, and preserve their client’s humanity by helping them restore harmony. Caring moments should transform both the patient and nurse, as they are linked together. Educational History Jean Watson earned her BSN, MS, and PhD degrees all at University of Colorado. She was also the former dean in the College of Nursing and founded the Center for Human Caring (Parker & Smith, 2010). Watson’s undergraduate and graduate degrees are in nursing and mental health nursing.Her PhD is in educational psychology and counseling. Jean Watson also serves as director of the Watson Caring Science Institute, which is a nonprofit company she founded and is dedicated to promoting the work of caring, science, and heart-centered nursing (Parker & Smith , 2010). Overview of Theory of Human Caring Major Elements There are four major elements in Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The four elements are the ten carative factors/clinical caritas processes, transpersonal caring relationships, caring moment/occasion, and caring-healing modalities.Carative factors are a guide and process in which a person cares for another and does all they can to protect, support, enhance, and maintain his or her quality of life. Transpersonal caring is a time when the nurse and patient come together and has an influence on each other. Caring should not be done as a chore as an assignment as it is an ethical deliberate action. Caring moments occur when two people come together with one person being the care recipient. Watson also developed the concept of clinical caritas that evolved from carative factors.Caritas means to cherish and expands on the relationship between caring and healing for self and others (Parker & Smith, 2010). Original Carat ive Factors Dr. Watson started her theory with ten carative factors, which she later evolved into clinical caritas processes. The ten factors are: 1. Formation of a humanistic- altruistic system of values. 2. Instillation of faith-hope. 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others. 4. Establishing a helping-trusting relationship, human caring relationship. 5.Promotion and acceptance of the expression of feelings, both positive and negative 6. The systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process. 7. Promotion of system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 6. Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes transpersonal teaching-learning. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. 9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces. Parker & Smith, 2010) Clinical Caritas Proces ses Watson’s evolved carative factors became clinical caritas processes evokes a way for nurses to be more open and adds a spiritual touch to the relationship. The clinical caritas processes are: 1. Formation of humanistic-altruistic system of values becomes the practice of loving kindness and equanimity within the context of caring consciousness. 2. Instillation of faith-hope becomes being authentically present, and enabling and deep belief system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 3.Cultivation of sensitivity to one's self and to others becomes cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion. 4. Development of a helping-trusting, human caring relationship becomes developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship. 5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, becomes being present to, and sup portive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one being cared for. 6.Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; to engage in artistry of caring- healing practices. 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning becomes engaging in genuine learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within other's frame of reference. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment becomes creating healing environment at all levels (a physical and nonphysical, subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby holeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated). 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs becomes assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering â€Å"human care essentials†, which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care, tending to both embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces becomes opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious, and existential dimensions of one's own life-death; soul care for self and the one-being-care-for. Parker & Smith, 2010). The first three carative factors form the â€Å"philosophical foundation† for the science of   caring. The remaining seven carative factors spring from the foundation laid by these first three (Parker & Smith, 2010). Implications of the Caring Theory Jean Watson feels her theory can be considered a â€Å"philosophical and moral/ethical foundation for professional nursing and part of the central focus for nursing at the disciplinary level† (Parker & Smith, 2010). The theory offers a framework that encompasses the arts, sciences, humanities, spiritu ality, and evolving dimensions of holistic medicine and nursing.The model is an invitation to work together and experiment with the ideas and the philosophy. Watson offers up several questions to assess where we are as nurses within the framework of the Caring Science. †¢ Is there congruence between the values and major concepts and beliefs in the model and the given nurse, group, system, organization, curriculum, population needs, clinical administrative setting, or other entity that is considering interacting with the caring model to transform and/or improve practice? What is one’s view of human? And what it means to be human, caring, healing, becoming, growing, transforming, etc. Such thinking in regard to this philosophical question can guide one’s worldview and help to clarify where one may locate self within the caring framework. †¢ Are those interacting and engaging in the model interested in their own personal evolution? Are they committed to seeking authentic connections and caring-healing relationships with self and others? Are those involved â€Å"conscious† of their caring caritas or noncaring consciousness and intentionally in a given moment and at an individual and system level? Are they interested and committed to expanding their caring consciousness and actions to self, other, environment, nature and wider universe? †¢ Are those working within the model interested in shifting their focus from a modern medical science-technocure orientation to a true caring-healing-loving model (Parker & Smith, 2010)? Strengths and Limitations Jean Watson’s theory has many strengths, as it is logical, generalizable, and relatively simple.The theory is based on phenomenological studies that ask questions rather than state hypotheses and can be used to guide and improve practice. Supported by the theoretical work of numerous humanists, philosophers, developmentalists and psychologists. This theory places the client in the context of the family, the community and the culture and places the client as the focus on practice rather than the technology. Limitations of Dr. Watson’s theory are few, but the main limitation is that the carative factors primarily address the psychosocial needs.The physical and biological needs appear secondary. Conclusion Watson’s theory provides many useful concepts for nursing practice. She also ties together other theories used in nursing education. The ten carative factors and caritas processes provide guidance to nurses wishing to improve their nursing practice. References Chinn, P. L. , & Kramer, M. K. (2011). Integrated knowledge development in nursing (8th ed. ). St. Louis: Mosby. Parker, M. , & Smith, M. (2010). Nursing theories & nursing practice 3rd ed. ). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. Jean Watson Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Heidijo Elyea Olivet Nazarene University Theoretical and Professional Foundations of Nursing MSN SP2013 NRSG-653-54 Theresa Williams March 19, 2013 Certification of Authorship: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for the purpose of this assignment.Your Signature: _____Heidijo Elyea____________________________ Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on holistic care of the patient and understanding the power of a meaningful therapeutic relationship. The theory is a middle-range theory and is based on the role of care and the influence of caring on healing. Caring is a moral ideal of nursing that involves m ind, body, and soul engagement with another, which can be expressed through nursing interventions (Chinn & Kramer, 2011).Many nurses have adopted Jean Watson’s Caring Theory in their own practice. Nursing has a commitment to protect, enhance, and preserve their client’s humanity by helping them restore harmony. Caring moments should transform both the patient and nurse, as they are linked together. Educational History Jean Watson earned her BSN, MS, and PhD degrees all at University of Colorado. She was also the former dean in the College of Nursing and founded the Center for Human Caring (Parker & Smith, 2010). Watson’s undergraduate and graduate degrees are in nursing and mental health nursing.Her PhD is in educational psychology and counseling. Jean Watson also serves as director of the Watson Caring Science Institute, which is a nonprofit company she founded and is dedicated to promoting the work of caring, science, and heart-centered nursing (Parker & Smith , 2010). Overview of Theory of Human Caring Major Elements There are four major elements in Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The four elements are the ten carative factors/clinical caritas processes, transpersonal caring relationships, caring moment/occasion, and caring-healing modalities.Carative factors are a guide and process in which a person cares for another and does all they can to protect, support, enhance, and maintain his or her quality of life. Transpersonal caring is a time when the nurse and patient come together and has an influence on each other. Caring should not be done as a chore as an assignment as it is an ethical deliberate action. Caring moments occur when two people come together with one person being the care recipient. Watson also developed the concept of clinical caritas that evolved from carative factors.Caritas means to cherish and expands on the relationship between caring and healing for self and others (Parker & Smith, 2010). Original Carat ive Factors Dr. Watson started her theory with ten carative factors, which she later evolved into clinical caritas processes. The ten factors are: 1. Formation of a humanistic- altruistic system of values. 2. Instillation of faith-hope. 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others. 4. Establishing a helping-trusting relationship, human caring relationship. 5.Promotion and acceptance of the expression of feelings, both positive and negative 6. The systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process. 7. Promotion of system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 6. Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes transpersonal teaching-learning. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. 9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces. Parker & Smith, 2010) Clinical Caritas Proces ses Watson’s evolved carative factors became clinical caritas processes evokes a way for nurses to be more open and adds a spiritual touch to the relationship. The clinical caritas processes are: 1. Formation of humanistic-altruistic system of values becomes the practice of loving kindness and equanimity within the context of caring consciousness. 2. Instillation of faith-hope becomes being authentically present, and enabling and deep belief system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 3.Cultivation of sensitivity to one's self and to others becomes cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion. 4. Development of a helping-trusting, human caring relationship becomes developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship. 5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, becomes being present to, and sup portive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one being cared for. 6.Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; to engage in artistry of caring- healing practices. 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning becomes engaging in genuine learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within other's frame of reference. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment becomes creating healing environment at all levels (a physical and nonphysical, subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby holeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated). 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs becomes assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering â€Å"human care essentials†, which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care, tending to both embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces becomes opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious, and existential dimensions of one's own life-death; soul care for self and the one-being-care-for. Parker & Smith, 2010). The first three carative factors form the â€Å"philosophical foundation† for the science of   caring. The remaining seven carative factors spring from the foundation laid by these first three (Parker & Smith, 2010). Implications of the Caring Theory Jean Watson feels her theory can be considered a â€Å"philosophical and moral/ethical foundation for professional nursing and part of the central focus for nursing at the disciplinary level† (Parker & Smith, 2010). The theory offers a framework that encompasses the arts, sciences, humanities, spiritu ality, and evolving dimensions of holistic medicine and nursing.The model is an invitation to work together and experiment with the ideas and the philosophy. Watson offers up several questions to assess where we are as nurses within the framework of the Caring Science. †¢ Is there congruence between the values and major concepts and beliefs in the model and the given nurse, group, system, organization, curriculum, population needs, clinical administrative setting, or other entity that is considering interacting with the caring model to transform and/or improve practice? What is one’s view of human? And what it means to be human, caring, healing, becoming, growing, transforming, etc. Such thinking in regard to this philosophical question can guide one’s worldview and help to clarify where one may locate self within the caring framework. †¢ Are those interacting and engaging in the model interested in their own personal evolution? Are they committed to seeking authentic connections and caring-healing relationships with self and others? Are those involved â€Å"conscious† of their caring caritas or noncaring consciousness and intentionally in a given moment and at an individual and system level? Are they interested and committed to expanding their caring consciousness and actions to self, other, environment, nature and wider universe? †¢ Are those working within the model interested in shifting their focus from a modern medical science-technocure orientation to a true caring-healing-loving model (Parker & Smith, 2010)? Strengths and Limitations Jean Watson’s theory has many strengths, as it is logical, generalizable, and relatively simple.The theory is based on phenomenological studies that ask questions rather than state hypotheses and can be used to guide and improve practice. Supported by the theoretical work of numerous humanists, philosophers, developmentalists and psychologists. This theory places the client in the context of the family, the community and the culture and places the client as the focus on practice rather than the technology. Limitations of Dr. Watson’s theory are few, but the main limitation is that the carative factors primarily address the psychosocial needs.The physical and biological needs appear secondary. Conclusion Watson’s theory provides many useful concepts for nursing practice. She also ties together other theories used in nursing education. The ten carative factors and caritas processes provide guidance to nurses wishing to improve their nursing practice. References Chinn, P. L. , & Kramer, M. K. (2011). Integrated knowledge development in nursing (8th ed. ). St. Louis: Mosby. Parker, M. , & Smith, M. (2010). Nursing theories & nursing practice 3rd ed. ). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.